Do you wince when sipping hot coffee or enjoying a cold scoop of ice cream? You’re not alone. Tooth sensitivity, also called dentin hypersensitivity, is one of the most common dental complaints worldwide and is highlighted by the American Dental Association (ADA) as a “Top Ten Topic” for patient concern. This condition can affect people of all ages and ranges from mild discomfort to sharp, sudden pain triggered by hot, cold, sweet, or even acidic foods and drinks.
In this issue, we will discuss the causes and steps to find relief from teeth sensitivity.
Why Do Teeth Become Sensitive?
Tooth sensitivity occurs when the protective outer layers of the teeth are compromised, exposing the sensitive inner structure called dentin. Dentin contains microscopic tubules that connect to the tooth’s nerve center (pulp). When exposed to extreme temperatures or certain substances, these tiny tubules transmit pain signals.
Common causes include:
- Enamel Wear: Brushing too aggressively, using hard-bristled toothbrushes, or consuming acidic foods and beverages can erode enamel over time.
- Gum Recession: As gums recede due to age, periodontal disease, or improper brushing technique, the root surfaces of teeth—naturally more sensitive than enamel—become exposed.
- Tooth Decay or Cavities: Early cavities often first present as sensitivity to sweets, cold, or heat.
- Cracked or Fractured Teeth: Even small cracks can expose dentin and trigger pain when chewing or drinking.
- Dental Work Side Effects: Recent teeth whitening treatments, fillings, or dental cleanings can sometimes cause temporary sensitivity.
- Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Grinding or clenching can wear down enamel, exposing dentin and causing sensitivity.
When Sensitivity Signals Something More Serious
Occasional tooth sensitivity can be common, but persistent or severe pain should never be ignored. Sensitivity may indicate an underlying dental issue like gum disease, nerve inflammation, or a damaged filling. In rare cases, it can also point to infections that require prompt treatment to prevent further complications.
Treatment and Relief Options
The good news is that teeth sensitivity is highly manageable, and modern dentistry offers a variety of effective treatments. Recommended approaches include:
- Desensitizing Toothpaste: Special toothpaste containing compounds like potassium nitrate can block the pain signals from exposed dentin. Daily use for a few weeks often provides noticeable relief.
- Fluoride Treatments: Your dentist may apply professional-strength fluoride varnishes or gels to strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
- Restorative Procedures: For more severe cases, bonding agents, dental crowns, or gum grafts may be used to cover exposed dentin and roots.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Switching to a soft-bristled toothbrush, avoiding excessive acidic foods, and wearing a nightguard if you grind your teeth can prevent further enamel loss.
- Regular Dental Checkups: Routine professional care allows early detection of decay, cracks, or gum disease—the root causes of sensitivity.
The Bottom Line
Tooth sensitivity is more than just an inconvenience—it can affect your ability to enjoy everyday meals and may indicate a deeper dental issue. By understanding the causes and seeking timely professional care, you can restore comfort and protect your smile. If you notice persistent sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods, consult your dentist. With the right diagnosis and treatment, sensitive teeth can become a thing of the past.
Dr. Kendal V. O. Major is Founder and CEO of Center for Specialized Dentistry which is a comprehensive family dental practice operating in Nassau. He is the first Bahamian Specialist in gum diseases and dental implants sinc e 1989. He also is a certified Fastbraces provider. His practice is located at 89 Collins Avenue, Nassau at (242)325-5165 or [email protected]
See worn tooth above/ Severe recession causing sensitivity below
